An Empirical Investigation on Brick and Mortar Attributes for the Effective Adaptation of Online Banking in Pakistan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56220/uwjms.v3i2.31Keywords:
Brick and Mortar Model, Online Banking, TrustworthinessAbstract
Purpose: The study intended to analyze the impact of Brick and Mortar
trustworthiness attributes along the social demographic traits which effects the
customer’s perception to effectively adopt online banking services. Trust is one of the
biggest challenges for the consolidation of online banking in the future. Thus Brickand-
mortar trustworthiness forms an intangible active, which may create a competitive
advantage for the banks.
Design/Methodology: The study used self-administrative questionnaire to collect the
data from the customers of both the Islamic and conventional banks in Rawalpindi and
Islamabad. Multiple linear regression technique was used to analyze the impact of
brick and mortar trustworthiness attributes (honesty, benevolence and competence)
and social demographic factors (gender, education, age and income).
Findings: The results of the study showed that the Brick and Mortar trustworthiness
attributes have positive and significant impact on the adaptation of the online banking
services, however the higher level of education inversely impacts the adaptation of the
online banking service.
Practical Implication: This paper highlights the significance of trustworthiness for
influencing the perception of the consumers to adopt the online banking services. The
result of the study shows that there is a need to target marketing actions on certain
segments of the population.
Implications: This paper offers an innovative approach to analyze the Brick and
Mortar trustworthiness attributes with the socio demographic factors to influence the
consumers’ perceptions. This analysis perspective has not been previously used in the
literature of developing countries.
References
Akinci, S., Aksoy, Ş., & Atilgan, E. (2004). Adoption of internet banking among sophisticated
consumer segments in an advanced developing country. International journal of bank
marketing, 22(3), 212-232.
Al-Ashban, A. A., & Burney, M. A. (2001). Customer adoption of tele-banking technology: The
case of Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 19(5), 191–200.
Al-Somali, S. A., Gholami, R., & Clegg, B. (2009). An investigation into the acceptance of online
banking in Saudi Arabia. Technovation, 29(2), 130-141.
Anderson, J. C., & Narus, J. A. (1990). A model of distributor firm and manufacturer firm
working partnerships. Journal of marketing, 54(1), 42-58.
Carlos Flavián,Miguel Guinalíu, Eduardo Torres, (2006),"How bricks-and-mortar attributes affect
online banking adoption", International Journal of Bank Marketing, 24(6), 406 – 423.
Chong, M. N., Jin, B., Chow, C. W., & Saint, C. (2010). Recent developments in photocatalytic
water treatment technology: a review. Water research, 44(10), 2997-3027.
Cooper, D. R., & Schindler, P. S. (2008). International edition: business research methods. New
Delhi: MacGraw-Hill.
Coulter, K. S., & Coulter, R. A. (2002). Determinants of trust in a service provider: the
moderating role of length of relationship. Journal of services marketing, 16(1), 35-50.
Crosby, P. B. (1990). Let's talk quality: 96 questions you always wanted to ask Phil Crosby.
Plume.
Currie, C. (Ed.). (2000). Health and health behaviour among young people. Health Promotion and
Investment for Health.
Davis, F. D., Bagozzi, R. P., & Warshaw, P. R. (1989). User acceptance of computer technology:
a comparison of two theoretical models. Management science, 35(8), 982-1003.
Doney, P. M., & Cannon, J. P. (1997). An examination of the nature of trust in buyer–seller
relationships. Journal of marketing, 61(2), 35-51.
Ganesan, S. (1994). Determinants of long-term orientation in buyer-seller relationships. Journal of
marketing, 58(2), 1-19.
Gattiker, U. E. (1992). Computer skills acquisition: A review and future directions for
research. Journal of Management, 18(3), 547-574.
Geyskens, I., Steenkamp, J. B. E., Scheer, L. K., & Kumar, N. (1996). The effects of trust and
interdependence on relationship commitment: A trans-Atlantic study. International
Journal of research in marketing, 13(4), 303-317.
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2006). Multivariate data
analysis (Vol. 6).
Hoy, W. K., & Tarter, C. J. (2004). Organizational justice in schools: No justice without
trust. International Journal of Educational Management, 18(4), 250-259.
Karjaluoto, H., Mattila, M., & Pento, T. (2002). Factors underlying attitude formation towards
online banking in Finland. International journal of bank marketing, 20(6), 261-272.
Lam, R., & Burton, S. (2006). SME banking loyalty (and disloyalty): A qualitative study in
Morris, M. G., & Venkatesh, V. (2000). Age differences in technology adoption decisions:
Implications for a changing workforce. Personnel Psychology, 53, 375–403.
Liao, S., Shao, Y.P., Wang, H. and Chen, A. (1999), “The adoption of virtual banking: an
empirical study”, International Journal of Information Management. 19(1), 63-74.
Larzelere, R. E., & Huston, T. L. (1980). The dyadic trust scale: Toward understanding
interpersonal trust in close relationships. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 42(3), 595-
Mattila, M., Karjaluoto, H., & Pento, T. (2003). Internet banking adoption among mature
customers: early majority or laggards?. Journal of services marketing, 17(5), 514-528.
Mayer, R. C., Davis, J. H., & Schoorman, F. D. (1995). An integrative model of organizational
trust. Academy of management review, 20(3), 709-734.
McDowall, A., & Saunders, M. N. (2010). UK managers' conceptions of employee training and
development. Journal of European Industrial Training, 34(7), 609-630.
McKnight, D. H., Choudhury, V., & Kacmar, C. (2002). The impact of initial consumer trust on
intentions to transact with a web site: a trust building model. The journal of strategic
information systems, 11(3-4), 297-323.
Moorman, C., Zaltman, G., & Deshpande, R. (1992). Relationships between providers and users
of market research: the dynamics of trust within and between organizations. Journal of
marketing research, 29(3), 314-328.
Moorman, C., Deshpande, R., & Zaltman, G. (1993). Factors affecting trust in market research
relationships. Journal of marketing, 57(1), 81-101.
Morgan, R. M., & Hunt, S. D. (1994). The commitment-trust theory of relationship
marketing. Journal of marketing, 58(3), 20-38.
Rexha, N., Kingshott, R. P. J., & Shang Shang Aw, A. (2003). The impact of the relational plan on
adoption of electronic banking. Journal of services marketing, 17(1), 53-67.
Sathye, M. (1999). Adoption of Internet banking by Australian consumers: an empirical
investigation. International Journal of bank marketing, 17(7), 324-334.
Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2003). Research Methods For Business, A Skill Building Approach,
John Willey & Sons. Inc. New York.
Siguaw, J. A., Simpson, P. M., & Baker, T. L. (1998). Effects of supplier market orientation on
distributor market orientation and the channel relationship: the distributor
perspective. Journal of marketing, 62(3), 99-111.
Shabbir, M. S., Ghazi, M. S., & Akhtar, T (2015). The Viability of Islamic Finance and its Impact
on Global Financial Stability: Evidence from Practical Implications. European journal of
Economics, Finance and administrative sciences 3 (2) 1-11
Shabbir, M. S., & Zaman, S. (2016) Marketing Strategic of Financial Services by Islamic Banks.
Global Journal of Business Management, 3(2), 40-51.
Shabbir, M. S. (2019). Informal shariah pawnshop in the traditional markets of Surakarta. Journal
of Islamic Marketing, Ahead of print DOI 10.1108/JIMA-09-2017-0097 .
Shabbir, M. S. (2019). Nexus between customer preference and operation of conventional banks
Islamic windows in Pakistan. Journal of Islamic Marketing, Ahead of print DOI
1108/JIMA-03-2018-0063.
Shahzad M, Rehman A (2015) Barriers to Service Quality in the Banks of Pakistan: A
Comparative Study of Islamic and Conventional Banks. Business and Economics
Journal, 6(4), 178(1-7).
Shabbir, M. S., & Rehman, A. (2019). Layers of misconceptions about Islamic banking: Are
Islamic banks threats, challenges and opportunities for investors? Journal of Islamic
Marketing, 10(3), 874-893.
Shabbir, M. S., Rehman, A. K., & Akhtar, T. (2016). The Role of Islamic Leading Organizations
for the Promotion of Islamic Finance in Western Countries. The Journal of Internet
Banking and Commerce 21(1), 1-11.
Shabbir, M. S. (2018). The combine synergies between Islamic micro finance portfolio and
various structured finance Solutions. Global Review of Islamic Economics and
Business, 6(2), 117-130.
Steinfeld, C., Kraut, R. and Plummer, A. (1997) ‘The Impact of Interorganizational Networks on
Buyer–Seller Relationships’ Journal of Computer–Mediated Communication 1(3), online
Suh, B., & Han, I. (2002). Effect of trust on customer acceptance of Internet banking. Electronic
Commerce research and applications, 1(3-4), 247-263.
Thorton, C. (1996). Thorton consulting online banking: a success. Australian Banking and
Finance, 5(13), 1-12.
Wang, Y. S., Wang, Y. M., Lin, H. H., & Tang, T. I. (2003). Determinants of user acceptance of
Internet banking: an empirical study. International journal of service industry
management, 14(5), 501-519.
Woldie, A., Hinson, R., Iddrisu, H., & Boateng, R. (2008). Internet banking: an initial look at
Ghanaian bank consumer perceptions.
Zheng L. Zhong, Y. (2005). The Adoption of Virtual Banking in China: An Empirical Study.
Chinese Business Review. 4(6), 75-78.